(IGCSE) History May/June 2013 paper 1 variant 1
Question paper found on page 6 / 20 pages total, pdf
the hallway at Yalta we stopped before a map of the world on which the Soviet Union was coloured in red. Stalin waved his hand over the Soviet Union and exclaimed, ‘Roosevelt and Churchill will never accept the idea that so great a space should be red’. A Communist supporter of Stalin writing in 1948 about the Yalta Conference. (a) What was decided at the Yalta Conference of February 1
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2008 paper 1
Question paper found on page 5 / 20 pages total, pdf
over 7 Study the cartoon, and then answer the questions which follow. A cartoon commenting on the Marshall Plan, 1947. (a) What was agreed at the Yalta Conference of February 1945? [5] (b) Why did the USA introduce the Marshall Plan? [7] (c) How far was the Cold War caused by Truman’s hostility towards the Soviet Union? Explain your answer. [8]
(IGCSE) History May/June 2010 paper 1 variant 3
Question paper found on page 6 / 20 pages total, pdf
the actions of the USSR in Eastern Europe. (a) What was decided at the Yalta Conference of February 1945? [5] (b) Why was it difficult to reach agreements at the Potsdam Conference? [7] (c) Which country had the more successful policies towards Europe between 1945 and 1949 – the USA or the USSR? Explain your answer. [8] 8 Study the extract, and
(IGCSE) History May/June 2013 paper 1 variant 1
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What was decided at the Yalta Conference of February 1945? Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question [0] Level 1 General answer lacking specific contextual knowledge [1] e.g. ‘They made some decisions about Germany.’ Level 2 Describes decisions [2–5] (One mark for each relevant point; additional mark for supporting detail.) e.g. ‘Stalin agreed to enter the war
(IGCSE) History May/June 2016 paper 1 variant 1
Question paper found on page 3 / 12 pages total, pdf
The victorious countries decided the terms of the Versailles Settlement. (a) What were the effects of the Treaty of Trianon on Hungary? [4] (b) Why did Wilson believe his ‘Fourteen Points’ should form the basis of the Treaty of Versailles? [6] (c) How far did the peace settlement of 1919–20 reflect the aims of Clemenceau? Explain your answer. [10] 6 From 19
(IGCSE) History May/June 2004 paper 1
Question paper found on page 5 / 20 pages total, pdf
of progress made in the carrying out of the decisions made in the Yalta Conference, particularly those related to Poland. President Roosevelt writing to Stalin in April 1945. (a) What was agreed at the Yalta Conference, 1945? [5] (b) Explain why the Soviet Union blockaded Berlin. [7] (c) ‘The Soviet Union was to blame for the Cold War.’ How far do you agree
(IGCSE) History May/June 2010 paper 1 variant 3
Mark scheme found on page 16 / 53 pages total, pdf
What was decided at the Yalta Conference of February 1945? Level 1 General answer [1–2] e.g. ‘How to organise Europe at the end of the War.’ ‘Germany was to be split up.’ Level 2 Describes what was decided [2–5] (One mark for each relevant point; additional mark for supporting detail.) e.g. ‘Germany was to be defeated and then disarmed.’ ‘
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2014 paper 1 variant 2
Question paper found on page 6 / 20 pages total, pdf
of honour for Russia, but one of life and death. Stalin speaking to Churchill and Roosevelt at Yalta in 1945. (a) What was discussed, in relation to Poland, at the Yalta Conference? [5] (b) Why did tensions between the USSR and the Western Allies increase at the Potsdam Conference? [7] (c) ‘The USSR was to blame for starting the Cold War.’ How far do
(A/s) History May/June 2012 paper 5 variant 3
Mark scheme found on page 10 / 11 pages total, pdf
of Cambridge International Examinations 2012 7 How justified is the criticism that United States policy towards Russia at the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences was too conciliatory? Though held just six months apart, and both concerned with the settlement of Europe after the war, there were considerable differences between the two conferences of the Big Three: • Yalta: February 1945 o The Big Three were Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill o
(A/s) History May/June 2012 paper 5 variant 1
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of Cambridge International Examinations 2012 7 How justified is the criticism that United States policy towards Russia at the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences was too conciliatory? Though held just six months apart, and both concerned with the settlement of Europe after the war, there were considerable differences between the two conferences of the Big Three: • Yalta: February 1945 o The Big Three were Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill o
(IGCSE) History May/June 2016 paper 1 variant 1
Mark scheme found on page 21 / 68 pages total, pdf
What were the main agreements reached at the Yalta Conference of February 1945? Level 1 One mark for each relevant point; additional mark for supporting detail [1–4] e.g. ‘The German surrender was to be unconditional.’ ‘Germany was to be temporarily divided into four occupation zones.’ ‘Berlin was to be temporarily divided into four occupation zones.’ ‘Germany’s eastern border was to be moved westwards.
(IGCSE) History Feb/March 2017 paper 1 variant 2
Question paper found on page 3 / 12 pages total, pdf
the end of hostilities in 1945, differences between the USA and the USSR surfaced. (a) What was discussed at the Yalta Conference? [4] (b) Why did Roosevelt’s death after the Yalta Conference affect what happened at the Potsdam Conference? [6] (c) ‘Blame for the Cold War rests with Stalin rather than with Truman.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer
(IGCSE) History May/June 2002 paper 1
Question paper found on page 5 / 16 pages total, pdf
the tanks of both countries. It was an unexpected, sudden confrontation that in my opinion was the closest that the Russians and the West came to going to war in the entire Cold War period. The view of an American colonel who was in Berlin at the time of the building of the wall in 1961. (a) Describe the effects of the building of the Berlin Wall on the people of
(A/s) History Oct/Nov 2014 paper 5 variant 1
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Conference: June 1943 Important because FDR agreed to the policy of unconditional surrender; some argue this was a major diplomatic mistake. – Tehran Conference: November 1943 The first meeting with Stalin as well as Churchill; FDR agreed to Second Front in Western Europe in 1944. Stalin tended to dominate, FDR was accommodating. – Yalta Conference: February 1945 This was crucial to the end of the
(A/s) History Oct/Nov 2014 paper 5 variant 2
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Conference: June 1943 Important because FDR agreed to the policy of unconditional surrender; some argue this was a major diplomatic mistake. – Tehran Conference: November 1943 The first meeting with Stalin as well as Churchill; FDR agreed to Second Front in Western Europe in 1944. Stalin tended to dominate, FDR was accommodating. – Yalta Conference: February 1945 This was crucial to the end of the
(IGCSE) History May/June 2018
Examiner report found on page 10 / 35 pages total, pdf
the strongest responses identifying and explaining why the wartime unity of the allies was beginning to break down by the time of the Yalta Conference of February 1945. Successful responses explained the on-going ideological differences of Communism and Capitalism, the growing lack of trust as the war against Germany was drawing to an end, the failure of the Americans and British to open up a second front (Operation Overlord) as
(IGCSE) History May/June 2018 paper 1 variant 2
Question paper found on page 3 / 12 pages total, pdf
the USSR and the USA resulted in the Cold War. (a) What decisions about Germany were made at the Yalta Conference of 1945? [4] (b) Why was the wartime unity of the Allies beginning to break down by the time of the Yalta Conference? [6] (c) ‘The main reason for the formation of NATO was the Berlin Crisis of 1948–49.’ How far do
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2008 paper 1
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What was agreed at the Yalta Conference of February 1945? Level 1 General answer [1–2] e.g. ‘The organisation of Europe.’ ‘How Germany was to be dealt with.’ Level 2 Describes what was agreed [2–5] e.g. ‘Germany was to be defeated and then disarmed.’ ‘Germany was to be divided into four zones of occupation.’ ‘Germany would have to pay reparations.’
(IGCSE) History May/June 2012 paper 1 variant 2
Mark scheme found on page 22 / 77 pages total, pdf
At Yalta in February 1945, it was agreed that in Eastern Europe countries were to be allowed to hold free elections to choose how they were to be governed. By Potsdam in July, Romania and Bulgaria had rigged elections returning Communist governments.’ ‘Churchill’s Iron Curtain speech of 1946 showed the views of western powers that the Soviets were setting up Communist buffer states around the USSR. This was
(IGCSE) History May/June 2018 paper 1 variant 2
Mark scheme found on page 29 / 92 pages total, pdf
What decisions about Germany were made at the Yalta Conference of 1945? Level 1 One mark for each relevant point; additional mark for supporting detail 4 1–4 e.g. ‘Surrender was to be unconditional.’ ‘Germany was to be divided into four occupation zones.’ ‘Berlin was to be divided into four occupation zones.’ ‘The zones would be occupied by the USA, Britain, the USSR and France.
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2011 paper 1 variant 1
Mark scheme found on page 16 / 59 pages total, pdf
of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 7 (a) What was decided at the Potsdam Conference? Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question [0] Level 1 General answer lacking specific contextual knowledge [1] e.g. ‘What to do about Germany.’ ‘To have war trials.’ Level 2 Describes what was agreed [2–5] One mark for each relevant point; additional mark for supporting
(IGCSE) History Feb/March 2017 paper 1 variant 2
Mark scheme found on page 25 / 76 pages total, pdf
the Yalta Conference affect what happened at the Potsdam Conference? Level 4 Explains TWO reasons Level 3 Explains ONE reason [6] [4–5] (Four marks for one explanation, five marks for full explanation) e.g. ‘During the war and at Yalta, the wartime leaders had worked effectively together to bring an end to the war in Europe. Roosevelt attempted to work with Stalin and Churchill. At Potsdam, after
(IGCSE) History May/June 2013 paper 1 variant 3
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at the Potsdam Conference of July 1945? Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question [0] Level 1 General answer lacking specific contextual knowledge [1] e.g. ‘The USSR and the West had different views.’ Level 2 Identifies AND/OR describes reasons [2–3] (One mark for each point) e.g. ‘The West was suspicious of the activities of the USSR.’
(IGCSE) History May/June 2013 paper 1 variant 3
Question paper found on page 7 / 20 pages total, pdf
The words ‘atomic bomb’ were not spoken, but we immediately guessed what he meant. From Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov’s memories of the Potsdam Conference, recorded some time after the event. (a) What did Churchill mean by the ‘iron curtain’? [5] (b) Why was it difficult to reach a satisfactory agreement at the Potsdam Conference of July 1945? [7] (c) How successful was the
(A/s) History Oct/Nov 2019 paper 4 variant 2
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the USSR into an enemy. Even before the end of the war tension existed between the two governments. At the Yalta conference in February 1945 the USSR agreed in general to establish freely elected governments in eastern Europe but by the spring of 1945 it had set up a communist-dominated puppet government. At first Truman hoped that he could retain amicable relations with the USSR; the meeting at Potsdam
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2018 paper 1 variant 2
Question paper found on page 3 / 12 pages total, pdf
The League of Nations worked better when dealing with less important international issues. (a) What were the weaknesses of (i) the Assembly and (ii) the Council in carrying out the work of the League of Nations? [4] (b) Why was the absence of the USA significant for the League in the 1930s? [6] (c) ‘The League of Nations was successful in achieving its aims
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2016 paper 1 variant 2
Question paper found on page 3 / 12 pages total, pdf
Conference, the victorious allies decided the outcomes. (a) What were the territorial terms of the Treaty of Saint Germain? [4] (b) Why was the work of the peacemakers at the Paris Peace Conference difficult? [6] (c) ‘German hatred of the Treaty of Versailles was justified.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] 6 The causes of the outbreak of
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2014 paper 1 variant 2
Mark scheme found on page 21 / 77 pages total, pdf
What was discussed, in relation to Poland, at the Yalta Conference? Level 0: No evidence submitted or response does not address the question [0] Level 1: General answer lacking specific contextual knowledge e.g. ‘They had different views on the future of Poland.’ [1] Level 2: Describes discussions (One mark for each relevant point; additional mark for supporting detail.) e.g. ‘The U.S.A.
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2019 paper 1 variant 3
Mark scheme found on page 30 / 94 pages total, pdf
What changed in the US-Soviet relationship between the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences? Level 1 One mark for each relevant point; additional mark for supporting detail 4 1–4 e.g. ‘Truman replaced Roosevelt as President of the USA.’ ‘Truman was inexperienced in foreign policy and distrusted Stalin.’ ‘Stalin did not stick to the promise he made at Yalta.’ ‘Churchill was replaced during the Conference by Attlee.’ ‘
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2003 paper 4
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of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate 2003 QUESTION 7 7(a) What was decided at the Yalta Conference ? Level 1 General answer 1-2 e.g. ‘How to organise Europe after the war.’ ‘Attended by Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill.’ Level 2 Describes what was decided 2-5 e.g. ‘Germany was to be split into four zones of occupation as was Berlin.’ ‘In Eastern Europe countries were
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2017 paper 1 variant 3
Question paper found on page 3 / 12 pages total, pdf
at the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences? [4] (b) Why was tension beginning to show between the USA and the USSR by 1945? [6] (c) ‘The USA’s possession of the atom bomb was the main reason for the Cold War.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] 8 The Shah of Iran became increasingly unpopular. (a) Describe the
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2003 paper 2
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of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate 2003 QUESTION 7 7(a) What was decided at the Yalta Conference ? Level 1 General answer 1-2 e.g. ‘How to organise Europe after the war.’ ‘Attended by Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill.’ Level 2 Describes what was decided 2-5 e.g. ‘Germany was to be split into four zones of occupation as was Berlin.’ ‘In Eastern Europe countries were
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2003 paper 1
Mark scheme found on page 16 / 85 pages total, pdf
of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate 2003 QUESTION 7 7(a) What was decided at the Yalta Conference ? Level 1 General answer 1-2 e.g. ‘How to organise Europe after the war.’ ‘Attended by Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill.’ Level 2 Describes what was decided 2-5 e.g. ‘Germany was to be split into four zones of occupation as was Berlin.’ ‘In Eastern Europe countries were
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2017 paper 1 variant 1
Question paper found on page 3 / 12 pages total, pdf
The League of Nations was involved in various activities in the 1920s. (a) Describe the role of the League in the Upper Silesia dispute of 1919–21. [4] (b) Why did the absence of some countries from the League weaken it? [6] (c) ‘The humanitarian work of the League of Nations was the most successful of its activities in the 1920s.’
(A/s) History May/June 2019 paper 3 variant 3
Question paper found on page 4 / 4 pages total, pdf
the American people would permit the retention of large numbers of troops in Europe after the war. Thus, at the time of the Yalta Conference, as Secretary of State Stettinius was briefed, offering the Soviets significant loans ‘appears to be the only concrete bargaining counter for use in connection with the many political and economic problems which will arise between our two countries’. The fact that offers of financial help would not
(IGCSE) History Feb/March 2017 paper 1 variant 2
Mark scheme found on page 24 / 76 pages total, pdf
What was discussed at the Yalta Conference? Level 1 One mark for each relevant point; additional mark for supporting detail [1–4] e.g. ‘What to do with a defeated Germany.’ ‘What to do with Germany’s leaders.’ ‘What to do with countries formerly occupied by Germany.’ ‘The future of Poland.’ ‘The moving of Poland’s borders.’ ‘How war against Japan could be ended.’
(IGCSE) History May/June 2010 paper 1 variant 1
Mark scheme found on page 16 / 55 pages total, pdf
was agreed that Berlin, which was deep in the Soviet zone, would also be divided into four similar sections.’ ‘It was agreed to hunt down and punish war criminals.’ ‘At Potsdam, it was agreed that Germany and Berlin would be divided as stated at Yalta.’ ‘It was agreed that the Allies should receive reparations from Germany.’ ‘The Nazi Party was banned and its leaders were to be tried
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2009 paper 1
Question paper found on page 4 / 20 pages total, pdf
the making. From a letter sent by the US President Truman to his Secretary of State, January 1946. (a) What did Stalin gain from the Yalta conference? [5] (b) Why did tensions between the USSR and the Western Allies increase at the Potsdam conference? [7] (c) Who was more to blame for starting the Cold War, the USA or the USSR? Explain your answer. [
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2003 paper 1
Question paper found on page 4 / 16 pages total, pdf
of control from Moscow. Winston Churchill speaking in Fulton, Missouri, USA in 1946. (a) What was decided at the Yalta Conference? [5] (b) Why was Eastern Europe largely in the hands of the USSR by 1946? [7] (c) ‘Only Stalin of the Allies achieved what he wanted as a result of the war with Germany.’ Do y ou agree? Explain your answer.
(A/s) History Oct/Nov 2015 paper 1 variant 2
Question paper found on page 6 / 8 pages total, pdf
The League of Nations and the World Disarmament Conference, 1932–33 3 Read the sources and then answer both parts of the question. Source A Senator Swanson, the US Representative, drew the determined opposition of almost the entire Naval Commission of the Disarmament Conference when he defended the right of the USA and Great Britain to maintain their mighty war fleets. He bore the brunt of attacks by other powers seeking
(IGCSE) History May/June 2009 paper 1
Question paper found on page 4 / 20 pages total, pdf
the making. From a letter sent by the US President Truman to his Secretary of State, January 1946. (a) What did Stalin gain from the Yalta conference? [5] (b) Why did tensions between the USSR and the Western Allies increase at the Potsdam conference? [7] (c) Who was more to blame for starting the Cold War, the USA or the USSR? Explain your answer. [
(A/s) History Oct/Nov 2015 paper 1 variant 1
Question paper found on page 6 / 8 pages total, pdf
the World Disarmament Conference. Source B Without disarmament there can be no lasting peace. The continuation of military armaments in their present extent will certainly lead to new catastrophes. The Disarmament Conference in Geneva in February will be decisive for the fate of the present generation and the one to come. The failure of the Conference would be assured if delegates were to arrive with fixed instructions and aims, the achievement of which
(IGCSE) History May/June 2006 paper 1
Mark scheme found on page 15 / 52 pages total, pdf
of Cambridge International Examinations 2006 7 (a) What was agreed at the Potsdam Conference? Level 1 General answer [1-2] e.g. ‘What to do about Germany.’ ‘To have war trials.’ Level 2 Describes what was agreed [2-5] e.g. ‘Japan would be attacked as planned.’ ‘Anything of value could be taken from Germany as reparations.’ ‘Details of German zones of occupation
(IGCSE) History May/June 2016 paper 1 variant 3
Mark scheme found on page 21 / 68 pages total, pdf
What disagreements between the two superpowers were there at the Potsdam Conference? Level 1 One mark for each relevant point; additional mark for supporting detail [1–4] e.g. ‘There was no agreement over the future government of Poland.’ ‘Truman thought Stalin should honour the Yalta agreement of free elections in Poland.’ ‘Stalin would only recognise the Lublin Polish government.’ ‘Stalin would not acknowledge the authority of the
(IGCSE) History May/June 2016 paper 1 variant 3
Question paper found on page 3 / 12 pages total, pdf
The Versailles Settlement resulted from discussions between the victorious countries. (a) What was decided about the Saar in the Treaty of Versailles? [4] (b) Why was the Treaty of Sèvres renegotiated? [6] (c) ‘The Germans had genuine grounds for complaint about the Treaty of Versailles.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] 6 The League of Nations, in
(IGCSE) History May/June 2006 paper 1
Question paper found on page 6 / 20 pages total, pdf
the cartoon, and then answer the questions which follow. An American cartoon from the late 1940s. The bear represents the USSR. (a) What was agreed at the Potsdam Conference? [5] (b) Why was there continuing tension over Berlin in the years 1945-1949? [7] (c) ‘It was Truman not Stalin who brought about the Cold War.’ How far do you agree
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2011 paper 1 variant 1
Question paper found on page 6 / 20 pages total, pdf
the Soviet Union existed in these countries. What can be surprising about the Soviet Union, anxious for its future safety, trying to see that governments loyal to the Soviet Union should exist in these countries? Stalin speaking in 1946, following Churchill’s ‘iron curtain’ speech of that year. (a) What was decided at the Potsdam Conference? [5] (b) Why did the wartime unity of the Allies
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2013 paper 1 variant 3
Question paper found on page 6 / 24 pages total, pdf
at the cartoon, and then answer the questions which follow. An American cartoon commenting on Stalin’s expansionist ambitions. (a) What did Stalin gain from the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences? [5] (b) Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945? [7] (c) ‘The USA and the USSR were equally to blame for the Cold War.’ How far do you agree with
(A/s) History May/June 2014 paper 3 variant 1
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the structure of the UN, which had initially been drawn up at Yalta and subsequently elaborated at Dumbarton Oaks, were submitted to the San Francisco Conference on International Organisation (April – June 1945). Delegates of fifty Allied nations reached agreement on the UN Charter by 26 June 1945. One of the most divisive issues related to the granting of veto rights to the five permanent members of the Security
(IGCSE) History May/June 2018 paper 2 variant 1
Question paper found on page 9 / 12 pages total, pdf
the league commission because for him the League of Nations was the centrepiece of the peace settlements. The picture sometimes painted of Wilson sailing across the Atlantic bearing the gift of the League of Nations is false. Many Europeans had long wanted a better way of managing international relations. Lloyd George went along with Wilson’s insistence that the League should be the first task of the Peace Conference, not merely out of
(IGCSE) History May/June 2004 paper 1
Mark scheme found on page 15 / 73 pages total, pdf
the remilitarisation of the Rhineland.’ ‘By abandoning Czechoslovakia an important ally was lost.’ ‘It did not work as it did not stop war in 1939.’ Level 5 Explains with evaluation of ‘how far’ 8 Question 7 (a) What was agreed at the Yalta Conference, 1945? Level 1 General answer 1-2 e.g. ‘How to organise Europe at the end of the War.’
(IGCSE) History May/June 2009 paper 1
Mark scheme found on page 15 / 52 pages total, pdf
the decisions of the Security Council.’ (b) Why did tensions between the USSR and the Western Allies increase at the Potsdam conference? Level 1 General answer [1] e.g. ‘Because the Soviet Union and the West held differing views.’ Level 2 Identifies why [2–4] (One mark for each) e.g. ‘The West was suspicious of the activities of the USSR.’ ‘Truman was less trusting
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2012 paper 1 variant 3
Mark scheme found on page 15 / 52 pages total, pdf
the disagreements between the USSR and the USA which emerged at the Potsdam Conference. Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question [0] Level 1 General answer lacking specific contextual knowledge [1] e.g. ‘The USSR had not kept to the terms of the Yalta meeting.’ Level 2 Describes disagreements [2–5] (One mark for each relevant point; additional mark for supporting detail.) e
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2014
Examiner report found on page 6 / 34 pages total, pdf
the principles of the League. Explanations related to Manchuria focused on the inability of the League to react quickly to the crisis and the actions of Japan, one of the leading members of the League. A number of candidates simply described in considerable detail the events of the Depression and the situation in Manchuria, without mentioning the impact on the League. Candidates should ensure that they read the question carefully, and be
(A/s) History May/June 2019 paper 3 variant 2
Question paper found on page 4 / 4 pages total, pdf
the participating countries by the shared menace of Nazism, and the post-war slide into hostility was merely a resumption of ‘normal’ relations. While there is much force in this argument, one must also seek the more immediate causes of the mutual suspicion, mistrust and animosity during the last few years of Stalin’s life. At the conferences of Tehran and Yalta some kind of loose agreement was reached on the settlement
(A/s) History May/June 2012 paper 3 variant 2
Question paper found on page 3 / 4 pages total, pdf
the blueprint for the UN was not the product of naivety. The USA was the chief patron of the UN. The US State Department produced the dr a ft Charter. Washington had to pressure Churchill and Stalin, neither of whom w a s very enthusiastic, into supporting it, and it made certain that the 1945 conference was held on American soil. It paid the full cost of the two-month
(IGCSE) History May/June 2004 paper 4
Mark scheme found on page 15 / 73 pages total, pdf
the remilitarisation of the Rhineland.’ ‘By abandoning Czechoslovakia an important ally was lost.’ ‘It did not work as it did not stop war in 1939.’ Level 5 Explains with evaluation of ‘how far’ 8 Question 7 (a) What was agreed at the Yalta Conference, 1945? Level 1 General answer 1-2 e.g. ‘How to organise Europe at the end of the War.’
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2008 paper 1
Question paper found on page 18 / 20 pages total, pdf
the illustration, and then answer the questions which follow. The battle of Adowa, 1896. (a) What was decided at the Berlin Conference of 1884-85? [5] (b) Why did most of Africa remain uncolonised in the first half of the nineteenth century? [7] (c) ‘European imperialism was beneficial to Africa.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2015 paper 1 variant 3
Question paper found on page 10 / 12 pages total, pdf
the end of the twentieth century peace had not been achieved in the Middle East. (a) What was decided at Camp David in 1978? [4] (b) Why was the First Intifada important? [6] (c) ‘The main reason for the failure to achieve peace in the Middle East by the end of the twentieth century was the rise of Hamas.’ How far do you agree with this
(IGCSE) History May/June 2004 paper 2
Mark scheme found on page 15 / 73 pages total, pdf
the remilitarisation of the Rhineland.’ ‘By abandoning Czechoslovakia an important ally was lost.’ ‘It did not work as it did not stop war in 1939.’ Level 5 Explains with evaluation of ‘how far’ 8 Question 7 (a) What was agreed at the Yalta Conference, 1945? Level 1 General answer 1-2 e.g. ‘How to organise Europe at the end of the War.’
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2014 paper 1 variant 2
Mark scheme found on page 22 / 77 pages total, pdf
of the rest of Europe.’ ‘Soviet troops had liberated countries in Eastern Europe but, instead of withdrawing his troops, Stalin had left them there. By the time of the Conference, Stalin’s troops controlled the Baltic States. Refugees were fleeing from these states fearing a Communist take-over.’ ‘Stalin had set up a Communist government in Poland ignoring the wishes of the majority of Poles. Britain and the U.
(IGCSE) History May/June 2017 paper 1 variant 1
Mark scheme found on page 27 / 90 pages total, pdf
What were Stalin’s main achievements at the Yalta Conference? Level 1 One mark for each relevant point; additional mark for supporting detail 4 1–4 e.g. ‘He weakened Germany.’ ‘He obtained an unconditional surrender of Germany.’ ‘Germany was divided into four.’ ‘He obtained the eastern zone of occupation of Germany.’ ‘He obtained the eastern zone of occupation of Berlin.’ ‘Eastern Europe was to be
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2017 paper 1 variant 1
Mark scheme found on page 29 / 90 pages total, pdf
the view that the Soviet Union was responsible for the start of the Cold War? Explain your answer. Level 5 Explains with evaluation of ‘how justifiable’ 10 10 As Level 4 plus evaluation. Level 4 Explanation of both sides 7–9 A L4 answer will have a minimum of three explanations (2 on one side; 1 on the other). This will be worth a mark of 7. Fuller explanation
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2017 paper 1 variant 1
Mark scheme found on page 28 / 90 pages total, pdf
the future government, but the Soviet-controlled government at Lublin continued to run the country and free elections had not taken place.’ Level 2 Identifies AND/OR describes reasons 2–3 e.g. ‘It was in the Soviet ‘sphere of influence’.’ ‘The Soviets wanted a sympathetic government in Poland.’ ‘Stalin wanted a barrier between the West and the USSR.’ ‘There was still a Soviet army of occupation.
(IGCSE) History May/June 2017 paper 1 variant 1
Question paper found on page 3 / 12 pages total, pdf
the League of Nations had failed in its role of preserving world peace. (a) Describe the work of the League’s International Labour Organisation (ILO). [4] (b) Why did the requirement that decisions of the Assembly and Council had to be unanimous cause problems for the League? [6] (c) How far was Mussolini responsible for the destruction of the authority of the League of Nations? Explain your
(IGCSE) History May/June 2015 paper 1 variant 2
Mark scheme found on page 22 / 68 pages total, pdf
the eve of the Potsdam Conference that the USA had developed an atomic bomb. This was a major source of worry to Stalin throughout the conference, who feared the USA might use the threat of the bomb to prevent the spread of communism.’ Level 2 Identifies AND/OR describes reasons [2–3] (One mark for each identification/description) e.g. ‘Soviet troops had remained in liberated countries.’ ‘President Truman
(A/s) History May/June 2012 paper 3 variant 2
Mark scheme found on page 4 / 11 pages total, pdf
The USA’s determination to get what it wanted from the San Francisco Conference is shown by the fact that her agents had effectively spied on the delegates of other countries – even before the Conference began the USA was aware of the bargaining positions of all the other countries. Despite the rhetoric about peace, equality and social/economic improvements, in the final analysis the major powers’ top priority was to ensure the
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2006 paper 4
Question paper found on page 2 / 12 pages total, pdf
the German anger about the Treaty of Versailles was justified? Explain your answer. [7] (iii) Study both sources. Is one of these sources more useful than the other as evidence about the Treaty of Versailles? Explain your answer. [7] (b) (i) Give two powers of the German President in the Weimar Constitution. [2] (ii) Describe the Spartacist revolt of 1919. [4] (iii
(A/s) History May/June 2008 paper 3
Mark scheme found on page 5 / 7 pages total, pdf
the view that the USSR was more responsible than the USA for the outbreak and development of the Cold War in the period from 1945 to 1949. Candidates have the opportunity to assess the reas ons behind the outbreak of the Cold War in relation to the roles of the two superpowers. In doing so, candidates can link their analysis with the on-going historical debate on the causes of the
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2013 paper 1 variant 2
Mark scheme found on page 75 / 77 pages total, pdf
the conference.’ ‘The meeting was called by Bismarck.’ ‘The delegates wanted to ensure that the partition of Africa would be carried out in an orderly and peaceful fashion.’ ‘It was decided that territories would only be recognised as colonies where there was ‘effective occupation’.’ ‘The conference accepted Germany’s claim to Tanganyika.’ ‘It was agreed that there should be free navigation along the Congo and Niger rivers
(A/s) History Oct/Nov 2015 paper 1 variant 1
Question paper found on page 7 / 8 pages total, pdf
The world needs disarmament. From the introductory speech by the President of the World Disarmament Conference, 2 February 1932. Answer both parts of the question with reference to the sources. (a) Compare and contrast the views expressed in Sources A and B about the value of the meetings which statesmen held in preparation for the World Disarmament Conference. [15] (b) ‘The prospects of the World Disarmament Conference
(IGCSE) History May/June 2015 paper 1 variant 2
Question paper found on page 3 / 12 pages total, pdf
of self-determination for the peoples of Europe? [6] (c) ‘The Treaty of Versailles was too harsh.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] 6 The League of Nations faced many problems. (a) What was the role of the Council within the League of Nations? [4] (b) Why did the Great Depression make the work of the League difficult?
(A/s) History May/June 2017 paper 1 variant 3
Mark scheme found on page 10 / 10 pages total, pdf
the USA was in favour of the veto as a way of protecting its own national interests. Note: The context of the San Francisco Conference. A Conference on International Organisation was held in San Francisco between 25 April and 26 June 1945, involving some fifty Allied nations. At this Conference, the issue of veto rights became the main bone of contention, the smaller nations fearing that the granting of
(A/s) History May/June 2017 paper 1 variant 3
Question paper found on page 7 / 8 pages total, pdf
At the time of the Dumbarton Oaks Conference last summer, it was believed that the veto originated with Russia and was opposed by the USA and Britain. Whether or not this version was inspired by the Roosevelt administration, it allowed it to go uncorrected because it was politically expedient. The country was just entering upon the Presidential election campaign in which the issue of collective security loomed large. The fact is that the
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2019 paper 1 variant 3
Question paper found on page 3 / 12 pages total, pdf
the outcome of the Paris Peace Settlement. (a) What territories in Europe did Germany lose in the Treaty of Versailles? [4] (b) Why did the Treaty of Sèvres cause political problems in Turkey? [6] (c) ‘The Treaty of Versailles was unjust.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10] 6 Many factors contributed to the collapse of peace in 1
(A/s) History Oct/Nov 2019 paper 4 variant 3
Question paper found on page 3 / 4 pages total, pdf
what extent was the globalisation of the Cold War caused by the Soviet Union’s determination to increase its international influence? [30] 10 ‘The inability to cope with national uprisings, both in Eastern Europe and within the Soviet Union, was the main reason why the USSR collapsed by 1991.’ How far do you agree? [30] 11 How far can Mao Zedong be regarded as the ‘saviour
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2007 paper 1
Mark scheme found on page 14 / 51 pages total, pdf
the Soviet Union and the West increase after the Potsdam Conference? (Take up to the end of 1947.) Level 1 General answer 1 e.g. ‘Because the Soviet Union and the West held differing views.’ Level 2 Identifies why 2–4 e.g. ‘The West was suspicious of the activities of the USSR regarding the removal of democratic government.’ ‘Truman was less trusting of Stalin than Roosevelt.
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2014 paper 1 variant 2
Question paper found on page 5 / 20 pages total, pdf
the future against a repetition of the horrors of this war. Lloyd George speaking to the British Parliament, before the Paris Peace Conference. (a) With reference to the terms of the peace settlement of 1919, what was decided about (i) the Saar and (ii) the Rhineland? [5] (b) Why was Germany unhappy with being forced to accept responsibility for the war? [7] (c) How
(A/s) History Oct/Nov 2019 paper 1 variant 3
Question paper found on page 6 / 8 pages total, pdf
at the San Francisco Conference 3 Read the sources and then answer both parts of the question. Source A A cartoon from a British newspaper, June 1945. Source B The League failed for several reasons. Firstly, the original idea was that it should be universal. The League was never universal. It is impossible to exaggerate the significance of the fact that the USA is in the UN from the start.
(A/s) History May/June 2017 paper 3 variant 1
Question paper found on page 4 / 4 pages total, pdf
was excellently informed and who could lie outrageously without any of the Allies catching on. A careful study of the Tehran Conference will bear out the conclusion that, on Poland, the Soviets were offered more than they expected. Soviet diplomacy was alert and tenacious. It perceived and exploited the West’s fears and intentions. At Yalta the Russians diagnosed carefully the exaggerated importance attached by the Americans to the framework of the
(IGCSE) History May/June 2019 paper 1 variant 1
Mark scheme found on page 31 / 95 pages total, pdf
was it harder for the Allies to reach agreement at Potsdam than it had been at Yalta? 6 Level 4 Explains TWO reasons 6 Level 3 Explains ONE reason 4–5 (Four marks for one explanation, five marks for full explanation) e.g. ‘By the time of the Potsdam talks Soviet troops had taken over eastern Europe. The troops stayed there and it was clear that Stalin wanted it all to be
(A/s) History Oct/Nov 2012 paper 5 variant 3
Mark scheme found on page 10 / 11 pages total, pdf
of dictators – Italy, Japan, Germany – FDR broadly accepted isolationism of Neutrality Acts – though more support for UK after 1939. In Second World War: USA as the arsenal of victory, ensuring defeat of Axis powers; leading the formation of the United Nations; attendance at Yalta – too generous to USSR? The question requires some assessment of how successful the various presidents had been. This might involve success
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2011 paper 1 variant 2
Question paper found on page 6 / 20 pages total, pdf
the extract, and then answer the questions which follow. The Soviet Government is alarmed by the attitude of the US government. The American attitude towards the USSR cooled once it became clear that Germany was defeated. It was as though the Americans were saying that the USSR was no longer needed. Stalin speaking about the attitude of Truman, May 1945. (a) What were the main problems facing the Allied
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2018 paper 1 variant 2
Mark scheme found on page 28 / 90 pages total, pdf
What decisions about Poland were made at the Yalta Conference? Level 1 One mark for each relevant point; additional mark for supporting detail 4 1–4 e.g. ‘A provisional government was to be established in Poland. It was to comprise of the pro-Soviet Lublin Poles and the exiled London Poles.’ ‘There was to be a provisional government, to be known as the Polish Provisional Government of National Unity.’
(A/s) History May/June 2017 paper 3 variant 2
Question paper found on page 4 / 4 pages total, pdf
of Europe. The attitude taken by the British and American governments during the war, throughout most of 1945, and to a certain extent during 1946, must also have encouraged the Kremlin to believe in the possibility of a vast expansion of Soviet power. The concessions granted to the USSR, particularly in the Teheran and Yalta conferences, and in some measure at Potsdam and at the Moscow Conference of December
(IGCSE) History May/June 2019 paper 1 variant 1
Mark scheme found on page 33 / 95 pages total, pdf
the West.’ ‘The Berlin Blockade was provocative.’ ‘The USA kept the atomic bomb testing secret.’ ‘The Truman Doctrine upset the Soviets.’ ‘Marshall Aid was set up to provide markets for American goods.’ ‘Marshall Aid was promised to countries standing up to communism.’ ‘The creation of Bizonia and the new currency in the western zones of Germany was in breach of the Potsdam Conference agreement.’ ‘Truman
(A/s) History Oct/Nov 2015 paper 1 variant 2
Mark scheme found on page 7 / 8 pages total, pdf
the world that the USA was keen to support the aims of the Disarmament Conference. As a result, he stresses the achievements made by the Conference despite the difficult circumstances in which it was held, and creates the impression that the USA was a keen supporter of arms limitation. Note that the statement was released at an interim stage of the Conference, which was due to re-convene in January 1933.
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2014 paper 1 variant 3
Mark scheme found on page 21 / 77 pages total, pdf
was trying to dominate all of eastern Europe.’ ‘Truman thought Stalin was not keeping to the Yalta agreement allowing free elections in liberated countries.’ ‘Truman protested that Stalin had set up a communist government in Poland against the wishes of the majority of Poles.’ ‘There was increased suspicion when Truman informed Stalin that the USA had successfully tested an atomic bomb.’ ‘Japan was still to be beaten.’ ©
(A/s) History Oct/Nov 2019 paper 4 variant 3
Mark scheme found on page 16 / 23 pages total, pdf
the greater impact on African nationalist movements: the Atlantic Charter or the Bandung Conference? When the Atlantic Charter was signed in 1941 proclaiming the right of all peoples to choose their own governments, Churchill had occupied Europe in mind. However, Roosevelt was always opposed to colonialism. At Casablanca in 1943 he assured the Sultan of Morocco that Africa was included. In 1945 the United Nations Charter promoted
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2008 paper 1
Mark scheme found on page 51 / 52 pages total, pdf
What was decided at the Berlin Conference of 1884-85? Level 1 General answer [1–2] e.g. ‘That Africa would change.’ Level 2 Describes the decisions [2–5] e.g. ‘That territories should only be acknowledged as colonies where there was ‘effective occupation’.’ ‘Germany’s claim to Tanganyika was accepted.’ ‘The Congo Free State was recognised as King Leopold’s personal property,
(A/s) History Oct/Nov 2018 paper 2 variant 2
Question paper found on page 4 / 4 pages total, pdf
at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University
(A/s) History May/June 2019 paper 4 variant 3
Mark scheme found on page 11 / 15 pages total, pdf
the end of January 1949 most of China was in the hands of the Communists. Chiang Kai- shek and the Nationalists retreated to Taiwan. As the USA became involved in the Korean War in 1950 on the side of South Korea, there was further criticism of Marshall. In the debate over what to do about the changed military situation in Korea following the second, and massive, Chinese military intervention
(A/s) History May/June 2014 paper 3 variant 1
Mark scheme found on page 8 / 13 pages total, pdf
Conference regarding veto rights for the five permanent members of the Security Council. The majority of nations which sent delegates to San Francisco were opposed to granting the right of veto, arguing that this would undermine the notion of equality implicit in the Charter itself. However, the great powers made it clear that they were not prepared to join the UN without the right of veto; a UN without the presence of the
(A/s) History Oct/Nov 2019 paper 1 variant 3
Question paper found on page 7 / 8 pages total, pdf
The gap separating the League and the United Nations is not large. Many of the provisions of the UN system have been taken directly from the League Covenant, though usually with changes of names and rearrangements of words. Like the League, the UN is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its members. Since both the UN and the League are based on the principle of voluntary cooperation, the
(IGCSE) Accounting May/June 2017 paper 2 variant 2
Question paper found on page 14 / 20 pages total, pdf
was decided to: Write off $130 as irrecoverable from the amount owed by trade receivables at that date. Make a provision for doubtful debts of 2% of the remaining amount. Provide for depreciation of fixtures and fittings at 20% per annum on cost. Provide for depreciation of the motor vehicle at 25% on the valuation when transferred into the business. Maintain the premises at cost. © UCLES 20
(A/s) History May/June 2012 paper 3 variant 2
Mark scheme found on page 5 / 11 pages total, pdf
the preamble to the Charter which was signed by the delegates of 50 nations at the end of the two-month San Francisco Conference. This covers the over-arching aims of the Charter about which there was little contention. More controversial were the details of the UN’s organisation and methods of action, which come later in the Charter. Content (Face Value): This is the opening section of the Charter as
(IGCSE) Accounting May/June 2017 paper 2 variant 3
Question paper found on page 14 / 20 pages total, pdf
was decided to: Write off $130 as irrecoverable from the amount owed by trade receivables at that date. Make a provision for doubtful debts of 2% of the remaining amount. Provide for depreciation of fixtures and fittings at 20% per annum on cost. Provide for depreciation of the motor vehicle at 25% on the valuation when transferred into the business. Maintain the premises at cost. © UCLES 20
(IGCSE) History Oct/Nov 2012 paper 2 variant 2
Question paper found on page 12 / 12 pages total, pdf
has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
(IGCSE) History May/June 2010 paper 1 variant 3
Question paper found on page 5 / 20 pages total, pdf
What were Germany’s main territorial losses under the Treaty of Versailles? [5] (b) Why did the Treaty of Versailles cause problems for Germany from 1919 to 1923? [7] (c) How far did the ‘Big Three’ achieve their aims at the Paris Peace Conference? Explain your answer. [8] 6 Study the photograph, and then answer the questions which follow. A photograph of Guernica